Horst Koehler

Horstkler, former President of Germany, widely respected politician, and economist, has made many contributions to Germany's economic development. He first served as president in 2004 and was re elected in 2009. Kohler was born in Skelbelshoff during the German occupation of Poland. He is the seventh of eight brothers and sisters in his family. In 1945, he moved with his family to the then Democratic Germany. In 1953, the whole family moved to a refugee settlement in Federal Germany. Kohler was the only child of eight who received a higher education and obtained a PhD in Economics and Political Science from the University of Tibingen in 1969. Afterwards, he entered the Tibingen Institute of Applied Economics as an assistant researcher in economics, which began his career. In 1976, Kohler left the research institute and joined the Federal Ministry of the German Economy. In 1981, he joined the German Christian Democratic Union. In October 1982, after Kohl from the Christian Democratic Union became the Prime Minister of West Germany, Kohl served in the Ministry of Finance and became one of Kohl's most trusted economic advisors. During this period, German politicians gave Kohler evaluations of political independence, stability, humility, and pragmatism. This is also the main reason why he was later nominated by German Chancellor Schr \u00f6 der from the Social Democratic Party to serve as the President of the International Monetary Fund. He served as the Deputy Minister of Finance of Germany from 1990 to 1993, the President of the German Savings Bank Association from 1993 to 1998, and the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in September 1998. During this period, Keller became a heavyweight figure in the international economic community. He represented Germany in the negotiations on the Maastricht Treaty on the European Economic and Monetary Union. He was responsible for negotiating with Russia on compensation for the withdrawal of former Soviet troops from eastern Germany, and served as Prime Minister Kohl's personal representative several times in the preparations for the G7 summit. Since May 2000, Kohler has served as the eighth President and Chairman of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund. On May 23, 2004, he was elected as the 9th Federal President of Germany after World War II. At that time, most observers believed that this should be the pinnacle of Keller's career. In 2007, Kohler publicly criticized German corporate executives for their generous salaries. In the summer and autumn of 2008, a global financial crisis erupted and spread. As a well-known expert and former senior manager in the financial field, Keller has repeatedly criticized international financial giants for being too greedy and seeking only profit, and the regulatory system in the financial industry is also too lax and laissez faire. On March 4, 2009, Kohler resigned from the position of Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund after accepting his presidential nomination, overturning people's predictions and seeing his ambition to climb new heights. On May 23, 2009, in the first round of voting at the 13th Federal Assembly, Keller once again defeated the same challenger, Ms. Schwann, and successfully re elected as the President of the Federation. Keller announced his resignation on May 31, 2010. After resigning, he continued to hold high-level positions in the United Nations Senior Expert Group on the Post 2015 Development Agenda and the Palace Motion Group.